> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.1l.lol/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.1l.lol/computer-basics/programming-languages.md).

# 程序设计语言分类

### 三大类程序设计语言

1. **机器语言**：由二进制 0/1 指令组成，计算机能直接执行，可读性最差。
2. **汇编语言**：用助记符（如 MOV、ADD）表示指令，需要汇编器翻译。
3. **高级语言**：接近自然语言，如 C++、Python、Java，需要编译或解释后才能执行。

由低到高：机器语言 → 汇编语言 → 高级语言；可读性与可移植性越来越高。

### 常见高级语言

* **C / C++**：效率高，常用于系统、竞赛
* **Python**：语法简洁，常用于数据分析、人工智能
* **Java**：跨平台，企业级开发
* **JavaScript**：网页前端

### 编译与解释

* **编译型**（C++）：先整体翻译成可执行文件，再运行，速度快。
* **解释型**（Python）：运行时逐句翻译执行，灵活但稍慢。

源程序 →（编译）→ 目标程序 →（链接）→ 可执行程序。


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