> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.1l.lol/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.1l.lol/gesp-zone/gesp-syllabus.md).

# GESP 大纲

本页按 **CCF GESP C++ 认证标准（一至八级）** 的知识点顺序，索引本站笔记。点击条目即可跳转到对应知识点。

### 一级

* [计算机基础与编程环境](/computer-basics/computer-and-environment.md)
* [标识符、关键字、常量与变量](/basics/identifiers.md)
* [基本数据类型](/basics/data-types.md)
* [输入输出](/basics/io.md)
* [基本运算](/basics/operators.md)
* [运算符优先级](/basics/operator-precedence.md)
* [三目运算符](/basics/ternary.md)
* [顺序结构](/basics/sequence.md)
* [分支结构](/basics/branch.md)
* [循环结构](/basics/loop.md)
* [注释与调试](/basics/comments-debug.md)
* [头文件](/basics/headers.md)

### 二级

* [计算机存储与网络](/computer-basics/storage-and-network.md)
* [程序设计语言分类](/computer-basics/programming-languages.md)
* [流程图](/computer-basics/flowchart.md)
* [ASCII 编码](/computer-basics/ascii.md)
* [数据类型转换](/computer-basics/type-conversion.md)
* [多层分支结构](/basics/branch.md)
* [多层循环结构](/basics/loop.md)
* [数学函数](/basics/math-functions.md)
* [常用函数](/functions/common-functions.md)

### 三级

* [数据编码（原码/反码/补码）](/computer-basics/binary-encoding.md)
* [进制转换](/computer-basics/number-systems.md)
* [位运算](/computer-basics/bitwise.md)
* [枚举法与模拟法](/algorithms/enumeration-simulation.md)
* [一维数组](/data-structures/array-1d.md)
* [字符串](/strings/string.md)
* [字符数组](/strings/char-array.md)
* [字符串函数](/strings/string-functions.md)
* [求字符串长度的方法](/strings/string-length.md)
* [字符串逆序](/strings/string-reverse.md)
* [大小写转换](/basics/case.md)

### 四级

* [指针](/basics/pointers.md)
* [二维与多维数组](/data-structures/array-2d.md)
* [结构体](/data-structures/struct.md)
* [函数（定义 / 调用 / 形参实参）](/functions/return-and-params.md)、[函数的声明与定义](/functions/function-declaration.md)
* [变量作用域](/functions/scope.md)
* [函数参数传递](/functions/parameter-passing.md)
* [递推](/functions/recurrence.md)
* [冒泡 / 插入 / 选择排序](/sorting/basic-sorts.md)
* [排序算法稳定性](/sorting/sorting-stability.md)
* [sort 排序](/sorting/std-sort.md)
* [算法复杂度估算](/complexity-debug/time-complexity.md)
* [文件操作与重定向](/complexity-debug/file-redirect.md)
* [异常处理](/complexity-debug/exceptions.md)

### 五级

* [初等数论](/number-theory/elementary-number-theory.md)
* [辗转相除法](/number-theory/gcd.md)
* [埃氏筛法](/number-theory/sieve-eratosthenes.md)
* [线性筛法](/number-theory/sieve-linear.md)
* [素数判定](/number-theory/prime-test.md)
* [唯一分解定理](/number-theory/unique-factorization.md)
* [高精度运算](/number-theory/big-number.md)
* [链表](/data-structures/linked-list.md)
* [二分查找与二分答案](/algorithms/binary-search.md)
* [递归](/functions/recursion-1-10.md)
* [递归综合示例](/functions/ackermann.md)
* [分治算法](/algorithms/divide-and-conquer.md)
* [归并排序](/sorting/merge-sort.md)
* [快速排序](/sorting/quick-sort.md)
* [贪心算法](/algorithms/greedy.md)

### 六级

* [树的基本概念](/data-structures/tree.md)
* [二叉树](/data-structures/binary-tree.md)
* [完全二叉树](/data-structures/complete-binary-tree.md)
* [二叉排序树](/data-structures/binary-search-tree.md)
* [哈夫曼树](/data-structures/huffman-tree.md)
* [哈夫曼编码](/data-structures/huffman-coding.md)
* [格雷编码](/data-structures/gray-code.md)
* [深度优先搜索（DFS）](/search/dfs.md)
* [宽度优先搜索（BFS）](/search/bfs.md)
* [二叉树的遍历与搜索](/search/tree-traversal.md)
* [简单动态规划（一维 DP）](/algorithms/dynamic-programming.md)
* [简单背包问题](/algorithms/knapsack.md)
* [面向对象与类](/oop/classes.md)
* [栈](/data-structures/stack.md)
* [队列](/data-structures/queue.md)
* [循环队列](/data-structures/circular-queue.md)

### 七级

* [数学库常用函数（三角、对数、指数）](/advanced-math/math-library.md)
* 复杂动态规划
  * [二维动态规划与最值优化](/advanced-dp/dp-2d.md)
  * [区间动态规划](/advanced-dp/interval-dp.md)
  * [最长上升子序列（LIS）](/advanced-dp/lis.md)
  * [最长公共子序列（LCS）](/advanced-dp/lcs.md)
  * [滚动数组优化](/advanced-dp/rolling-array.md)
* 图的定义及遍历
  * [图的概念与存储](/graph-theory/graph-basics.md)
  * [图的遍历与泛洪](/graph-theory/graph-traversal.md)
* [哈希表](/algorithm-techniques/hash-table.md)

### 八级

* [计数原理](/advanced-math/counting-principle.md)
* [排列与组合](/advanced-math/permutation-combination.md)
* [杨辉三角](/advanced-math/pascal-triangle.md)
* [倍增法](/advanced-math/binary-lifting.md)
* [代数与平面几何](/advanced-math/algebra-geometry.md)
* 图论算法及综合应用
  * [最短路径](/graph-theory/shortest-path.md)
  * [最小生成树](/graph-theory/mst.md)
  * [拓扑排序与 DAG](/graph-theory/topological-sort.md)
  * [欧拉回路](/graph-theory/euler.md)
  * [并查集](/graph-theory/union-find.md)
  * [关键路径](/graph-theory/critical-path.md)
  * [连通性与连通分量](/graph-theory/connectivity.md)
* [算法时间和空间效率分析](/complexity-debug/time-complexity.md)

### 竞赛拓展（STA 算法阶段）

* [双指针与滑动窗口](/algorithm-techniques/two-pointers.md)
* [差分（一维 / 二维）](/algorithm-techniques/difference-array.md)
* [离散化](/algorithm-techniques/discretization.md)
* [单调栈与单调队列](/algorithm-techniques/monotonic.md)
* [堆与优先队列](/algorithm-techniques/heap.md)
* [快速幂与模运算](/advanced-math/fast-power.md)
* [多重背包与分组背包](/advanced-dp/knapsack-advanced.md)
* [树的存储方式](/data-structures/tree-storage.md)

***

> 说明：本站笔记覆盖 **一至八级** 全部 GESP 知识点，以及 STA 算法阶段的主要拓展内容。


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